Thaw Your Turkey Safely in Time for Thanksgiving (2024)

Posted by Jesus Garcia, Food Safety and Inspection Service in Health and Safety

Nov 14, 2023

The busiest time of the year for USDA’s Meat and Poultry Hotline is the week before Thanksgiving. Calls, chats and emails are answered by food safety specialists who even work on Thanksgiving Day to ensure your meal is safe.

One question often asked is, “How do you properly thaw a turkey?”

Here are safe ways to thaw a turkey — in the refrigerator or in cold water:

  • It takes 24 hours for every four to five pounds of weight for a turkey to thaw in the refrigerator (a 15-pound turkey will take three days to thaw in your refrigerator). A completely thawed turkey can remain in the refrigerator for one or two days before cooking.
  • To thaw in cold water, submerge the bird in its original wrapper in cold tap water, changing the water every 30 minutes. Cook the turkey immediately after thawing.

Remember that thawing a frozen turkey on the kitchen counter — or in a garage during the wintertime (the most common misconception shared by callers) — is not safe. Leaving any frozen package of meat or poultry for more than 2 hours at room temperature is dangerous. Even though the center of the package may still be frozen, the outer layer of the food is in the “Danger Zone” between 40 and 140 F — a temperature range where foodborne bacteria multiply rapidly.

For more turkey thawing tips, check out our fact sheet. Learn more about the latest USDA study on safe food handling and thorough handwashing.

Have a food safety question? Contact the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline at 1-888-MPHotline (1-888-674-6854) to talk to a food safety specialist or chat live at ask.usda.gov from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday. On Thanksgiving Day, the Hotline will be open from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. Eastern Time.

Category/Topic: Health and Safety

Thaw Your Turkey Safely in Time for Thanksgiving (2024)

FAQs

Thaw Your Turkey Safely in Time for Thanksgiving? ›

The USDA recommends thawing your turkey in the refrigerator. This is the safest method because the turkey will thaw at a consistent, safe temperature. This method takes some time, so allow one day for each 4 - 5 pounds of weight.

What is a safe way to thaw that Thanksgiving turkey? ›

The USDA recommends thawing your turkey in the refrigerator. This is the safest method because the turkey will thaw at a consistent, safe temperature. This method takes some time, so allow one day for each 4 - 5 pounds of weight.

How long does it take to thaw a turkey for Thanksgiving? ›

How Long to Thaw a Turkey on One Easy-to-Use Chart
Turkey SizeThaw In Refrigerator (set to 40 F or below)Thaw In Cold Water (change water every 30 min.)
4 to 12 lbs.1 to 3 days2 to 6 hours
12 to 16 lbs.3 to 4 days6 to 8 hours
16 to 20 lbs.4 to 5 days8 to 10 hours
20 to 24 lbs.5 to 6 days10 to 12 hours
Oct 16, 2023

What if I don't have enough time to thaw a turkey? ›

If There's No Time to Thaw

It's perfectly safe to cook a frozen or partially frozen turkey in the oven — you just need to allow some extra cooking time, according to the USDA.

How many days before Thanksgiving to take turkey out of the freezer? ›

The USDA recommends thawing a frozen turkey in the refrigerator, which translates to one day for each 4 to 5 pounds of weight. So for a 12-pound turkey that would imply at least three days of thawing, ideally with a bonus day thrown in. Here's the thing, though. I simply don't find that that's enough.

Is it OK to leave a turkey out overnight to thaw? ›

Frozen turkeys should not be left on the back porch, in the car trunk, in the basem*nt, or any place else where temperatures cannot be constantly monitored. A package of frozen meat or poultry left thawing on the counter more than 2 hours is not at a safe temperature.

Is it safe to eat a turkey that is still frozen day before Thanksgiving? ›

“Actually, from a food safety standpoint it's safer to cook the turkey when it's still frozen. A frozen turkey will not spread raw juices around the kitchen, will not waste water as you try to thaw it and will produce an excellent and juicy cooked product.”

Can you partially thaw a turkey in water? ›

Thaw turkey breast side down, in an unopened wrapper, with enough cold water to cover your turkey completely. Change water every 30 minutes and if turkey cannot be completely covered, rotate every 30 minutes to keep the turkey chilled. You can expect 30 minutes of thawing per pound of turkey.

Is it faster to thaw a turkey in cold water? ›

A faster thawing method is to submerge the frozen bird in cold water. You need to change the water every 30 minutes to be safe. While this method is faster, it still takes about 30 minutes per pound for complete thawing.

What if my turkey is still a little frozen in the middle? ›

It is safe to cook a turkey that is frozen. A solidly frozen turkey will take 50% longer to cook than a thawed turkey. If it is only partially frozen, it will still take longer to cook than a thawed one.

Is it OK to leave a frozen turkey in the fridge for a week? ›

So, for example, if you're cooking a 20-24-pound bird, you need to stick it in the fridge to thaw at least six days before you'll be eating it (so it has time to fully thaw), and no more than eight days before you'll be eating it (to stay within that two-day window).

How long does it take for a 14 lb turkey to cook? ›

How Long to Cook a Turkey
Turkey WeightServingsCooking Time
10 to 12 lb6 to 82 1/4 to 2 3/4 hours
12 to 14 lb8 to 102 3/4 to 3 hours
15 to 18 lb10 to 123 1/4 to 4 hours
18 to 20 lb12 to 144 to 4 1/4 hours
2 more rows
Sep 26, 2023

How long can a turkey be frozen before it goes bad? ›

In both cases, you'll want to store the turkey in the deepest part of the freezer. When properly stored, raw turkey pieces should stay good in the freezer for up to 9 months, while whole raw turkeys last for a year when frozen. Cooked turkey pieces last in the freezer for 4–6 months.

Where is the best place to thaw a turkey in the fridge? ›

The Best Place to Thaw Your Thanksgiving Turkey In Your Refrigerator Is On the Bottom Shelf | Rachael Ray Show.

Is it okay to thaw turkey in the fridge for 5 days? ›

A thawed turkey can remain in the refrigerator for 1 to 2 days. If necessary, a turkey that has been properly thawed in the refrigerator may be refrozen.

Can you cook a partially frozen turkey? ›

It is safe to cook a turkey that is frozen. A solidly frozen turkey will take 50% longer to cook than a thawed turkey. If it is only partially frozen, it will still take longer to cook than a thawed one.

What's the best way to thaw a frozen turkey ServSafe? ›

You should never thaw large food items, such as roasts or turkeys, at room temperature. If you want to thaw these types of food, you can safely submerge the item under running potable water at 70˚F (21˚C) or lower; never thaw food in standing water.

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