Lemon Balm: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions (2024)

Abuhamdah, S., Huang, L., Elliott, M. S., Howes, M. J., Ballard, C., Holmes, C., Burns, A., Perry, E. K., Francis, P. T., Lees, G., and Chazot, P. L. Pharmacological profile of an essential oil derived from Melissa officinalis with anti-agitation properties: focus on ligand-gated channels. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008;60(3):377-384. View abstract.

Allahverdiyev, A., Duran, N., Ozguven, M., and Koltas, S. Antiviral activity of the volatile oils of Melissa officinalis L. against Herpes simplex virus type-2. Phytomedicine. 2004;11(7-8):657-661. View abstract.

Araujo, C., Sousa, M. J., Ferreira, M. F., and Leao, C. Activity of essential oils from Mediterranean Lamiaceae species against food spoilage yeasts. J Food Prot. 2003;66(4):625-632. View abstract.

Awad, R., Levac, D., Cybulska, P., Merali, Z., Trudeau, V. L., and Arnason, J. T. Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. Can.J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;85(9):933-942. View abstract.

Awad, R., Muhammad, A., Durst, T., Trudeau, V. L., and Arnason, J. T. Bioassay-guided fractionation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) using an in vitro measure of GABA transaminase activity. Phytother.Res. 2009;23(8):1075-1081. View abstract.

Babpour, E., Angaji, S. A., and Angaji, S. M. Antimicrobial effects of four medicinal plants on dental plaque. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2009;3(3):132-137.

Borho, B. Biologische Therapie von funktionellen Magenerkrankungen. 1991;6:501-509.

Buchner KH, Hellings H, Huber M, and et al. [Double blind study as evidence of the therapeutic effect of Melissengeist on psycho-vegetative syndromes]. Medizinische Klinik 1974;69(23):1032-1036.

Budzynska, A., Wieckowska-Szakiel, M., Sadowska, B., Kalemba, D., and Rozalska, B. Antibiofilm activity of selected plant essential oils and their major components. Pol.J.Microbiol. 2011;60(1):35-41. View abstract.

Cases J. Leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Mediterr J Nutr Metab. 2010;4(3):211-218.

Cerny AS and Schmid K. Tolerability and efficacy of valerian/lemon balm in healthy volunteers; a double-blind placebo-controlled, multicentre study. Fitoterapia 1999;70(3):221-228.

Cohen RA, Kucera LS, and Herrmann EC. Antiviral activity of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) extract (29600). Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1964;117:431-434.

de Sousa, A. C., Alviano, D. S., Blank, A. F., Alves, P. B., Alviano, C. S., and Gattass, C. R. Melissa officinalis L. essential oil: antitumoral and antioxidant activities. J Pharm.Pharmacol. 2004;56(5):677-681. View abstract.

Dimitrova, Z., Dimov, B., Manolova, N., Pancheva, S., Ilieva, D., and Shishkov, S. Antiherpes effect of Melissa officinalis L. extracts. Acta Microbiol Bulg. 1993;29:65-72. View abstract.

Dkbas, N., Bagc, E., Kotan, R., Cakmakc, R., Ozer, H., Mete, E., and Erdogan, G. Comparative antibacterial activities and chemical composition of some plants' oils against Salmonella enteritidis. Research on Crops 2010;11(1):118-124.

Dressing H, Kohler S, and Muller WE. Improvement in sleep quality with a high dose valerian-melissa preparation . Psychopharmakotherapie 1996;3:123-130.

Dressing H. Valerian combination therapy vs. benzodiazepine: same efficacy in the treatment of sleeping disorders? Therapiewoche 1992;42(12):726-736.

Drozd, J. and Anuszewska, E. The effect of the Melissa officinalis extract on immune response in mice. Acta Pol.Pharm. 2003;60(6):467-470. View abstract.

Englberger, W., Hadding, U., Etschenberg, E., Graf, E., Leyck, S., Winkelmann, J., and Parnham, M. J. Rosmarinic acid: a new inhibitor of complement C3-convertase with anti- inflammatory activity. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1988;10(6):729-737. View abstract.

Gaby, A. R. Natural remedies for Herpes simplex. Altern.Med Rev. 2006;11(2):93-101. View abstract.

Gazola, R., Machado, D., Ruggiero, C., Singi, G., and Macedo, Alexandre M. Lippia alba, Melissa officinalis and Cymbopogon citratus: effects of the aqueous extracts on the isolated hearts of rats. Pharmacol.Res 2004;50(5):477-480. View abstract.

Guginski, G., Luiz, A. P., Silva, M. D., Massaro, M., Martins, D. F., Chaves, J., Mattos, R. W., Silveira, D., Ferreira, V. M., Calixto, J. B., and Santos, A. R. Mechanisms involved in the antinociception caused by ethanolic extract obtained from the leaves of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) in mice. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 2009;93(1):10-16. View abstract.

Gyllenhaal, C., Merritt, S. L., Peterson, S. D., Block, K. I., and Gochenour, T. Efficacy and safety of herbal stimulants and sedatives in sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2000;4(3):229-251. View abstract.

Hanganu, D., Vlase, L., Filip, L., Sand, C., Mirel, S., and Indrei, L. L. The study of some polyphenolic compounds from Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae). Rev.Med.Chir Soc.Med.Nat.Iasi 2008;112(2):525-529. View abstract.

Herberg, KW. Nebenwirkungen pflanzlicher Beruhigungsmittel/ Leistung und Befinden nach Einnahme einer Baldrian-Hopfen-Kombination. Z.Allg Med 1996;72:234-240.

Herrmann, E. C., Jr. and Kucera, L. S. Antiviral substances in plants of the mint family (labiatae). II. Nontannin polyphenol of Melissa officinalis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1967;124(3):869-874. View abstract.

Hohmann, J., Zupko, I., Redei, D., Csanyi, M., Falkay, G., Mathe, I., and Janicsak, G. Protective effects of the aerial parts of Salvia officinalis, Melissa Officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia and their constituents against enzyme-dependent and enzyme-independent lipid peroxidation. Planta Med 1999;65(6):576-578. View abstract.

Holtmann, G., Madisch, A., and Juergen, H. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999;May:A65.

Hussain, A. I., Farooq Anwar, Nigam, P. S., Sarker, S. D., Moore, J. E., Rao, J. R., and Mazumdar, A. Antibacterial activity of some Lamiaceae essential oils using resazurin as an indicator of cell growth. LWT - Food Science and Technology 2012;44(4):1199-1206.

Ibarra, A., Feuillere, N., Roller, M., Lesburgere, E., and Beracochea, D. Effects of chronic administration of Melissa officinalis L. extract on anxiety-like reactivity and on circadian and exploratory activities in mice. Phytomedicine. 2010;17(6):397-403. View abstract.

Ivanova, D., Gerova, D., Chervenkov, T., and Yankova, T. Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1-4-2005;96(1-2):145-150. View abstract.

Karimi, I., Hayatgheybi, H., Razmjo, M., Yousefi, M., Dadyan, A., and Hadipour, M. Anti-hyperlipidaemic effects of an essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 2010;4(1):17-22.

Keskn, D., Oskay, D., and Oskay, M. Antimicrobial activity of selected plant spices marketed in the West Anatolia. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2010;12(6):916-920.

Kim, M. Y., Park, B. Y., Lee, H. S., Park, E. K., Hahm, J. C., Lee, J., Hong, Y., Choi, S., Park, D., Lee, H., and Yoon, M. The anti-angiogenic herbal composition Ob-X inhibits adipose tissue growth in obese mice. Int.J.Obes.(Lond) 2010;34(5):820-830. View abstract.

Kizaibek, M., Kopp, B., Prinz, S., Popescu, R., and Upur, H. Antiproliferative activity of individual herbs of Abnormal Savda Munziq on HL-60 cells. Science & Technology Review 2009;19:94-98.

Kucera, L. S. and Herrmann, E. C., Jr. Antiviral substances in plants of the mint family (labiatae). I. Tannin of Melissa officinalis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1967;124(3):865-869. View abstract.

Kucera, L. S., Cohen, R. A., and Herrmann, E. C., Jr. Antiviral activities of extracts of the lemon balm plant. Ann N.Y.Acad Sci 7-30-1965;130(1):474-482. View abstract.

Lagoni, N. Wirksamkeitsprüfung eines pflanzlichen Tagessedativums in einer multizentrischen Studie. 1998;39(3):166-169.

Lara, M. S., Gutierrez, J. I., Timon, M., and Andres, A. I. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. Meat.Sci. 2011;88(3):481-488. View abstract.

Larrondo, J. V., Agut, M., and Calvo-Torras, M. A. Antimicrobial activity of essences from labiates. Microbios 1995;82(332):171-172. View abstract.

Meftahizade, H., Sargsyan, E., and Moradkhani, H. Investigation of antioxidant capacity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oils. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 2010;4(14):1391-1395.

Mencherini, T., Picerno, P., Russo, P., Meloni, M., and Aquino, R. Composition of the fresh leaves and stems of Melissa officinalis and evaluation of skin irritation in a reconstituted human epidermis model. J.Nat.Prod. 2009;72(8):1512-1515. View abstract.

Meolie, A. L., Rosen, C., Kristo, D., Kohrman, M., Gooneratne, N., Aguillard, R. N., Fayle, R., Troell, R., Townsend, D., Claman, D., Hoban, T., and Mahowald, M. Oral nonprescription treatment for insomnia: an evaluation of products with limited evidence. J Clin.Sleep Med 4-15-2005;1(2):173-187. View abstract.

Mikus, J., Harkenthal, M., Steverding, D., and Reichling, J. In vitro effect of essential oils and isolated mono- and sesquiterpenes on Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei. Planta Med 2000;66(4):366-368. View abstract.

Mimica-Dukic, N., Bozin, B., Sokovic, M., and Simin, N. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) essential oil. J Agric.Food Chem. 5-5-2004;52(9):2485-2489. View abstract.

Mrlianova, M., Tekel'ova, D., Felklova, M., Reinohl, V., and Toth, J. The influence of the harvest cut height on the quality of the herbal drugs Melissae folium and Melissae herba. Planta Med 2002;68(2):178-180. View abstract.

Niculae, M., Spînu, M., Stefan, R., Sandru, C. D., Mircean, V., Brudasca, G. F., Bolfa, P., and Uricariu, R. In vitro efficacy of gentamicin and Mellisa officinalis essential oil against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dogs with otitis externa. Scientific Works - University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest Series C, Veterinary Medicine 2010;56(3/4):280-284.

Ntalli, N. G., Ferrari, F., Giannakou, I., and Menkissoglu-Spiroudi, U. Phytochemistry and nematicidal activity of the essential oils from 8 Greek Lamiaceae aromatic plants and 13 terpene components. J.Agric.Food Chem. 7-14-2010;58(13):7856-7863. View abstract.

Orth-Wagner, S, Ressin, WJ, and Friedrich, I. Phytosedativum gegen Schlafstörungen / Klinische Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit eines Phytosedativums mit Auszügen aus Baldrianwurzel, Hopfenzapfen und Melissenblättern. 1995;16(147):156.

PARDO-ALDAVE, K. DIAZ-PIZAN M. E. VILLEGAS L. F. BERNABE E. Child behaviour modulation during first dental visit after administration of lemon balm, Poster Sessions. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2009;19(1):66-170.

Patora, J., Majda, T., Gora, J., and Klimek, B. Variability in the content and composition of essential oil from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) cultivated in Poland. Acta Pol.Pharm. 2003;60(5):395-400. View abstract.

Perry, E. and Howes, M. J. Medicinal plants and dementia therapy: herbal hopes for brain aging? CNS.Neurosci.Ther 2011;17(6):683-698. View abstract.

Perry, E. K., Pickering, A. T., Wang, W. W., Houghton, P. J., and Perry, N. S. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: from ethnobotany to phytotherapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51(5):527-534. View abstract.

Perry, E. K., Pickering, A. T., Wang, W. W., Houghton, P., and Perry, N. S. Medicinal plants and Alzheimer's disease: Integrating ethnobotanical and contemporary scientific evidence. J Altern Complement Med 1998;4(4):419-428. View abstract.

Raines, T., Jones, P., Moe, N., Duncan, R., McCall, S., and Ceremuga, T. E. Investigation of the anxiolytic effects of luteolin, a lemon balm flavonoid in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. AANA.J. 2009;77(1):33-36. View abstract.

Rojas, J., Solís, H., and Palacios, O. In vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of essential oils of ten medicinal plants. / Evaluación in vitro de la actividad anti Trypanosoma cruzi de aceites esenciales de diez plantas medicinales.1. Anales de la Facultad de Medecina 2010;71(3):161-165.

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Stanojevic, D., Èomic´, L., Stefanovic´, O., and Sukdolak, S. S. In vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of Melissa officinalis L. and some preservatives. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2010;8(1):109-115.

Taguchi, Y., Takizawa, T., Ishibashi, H., Sagawa, T., Arai, R., Inoue, S., Yamaguchi, H., and Abe, S. Therapeutic effects on murine oral candidiasis by oral administration of cassia (Cinnamomum cassia) preparation. Nihon Ishinkin.Gakkai Zasshi 2010;51(1):13-21. View abstract.

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Triantaphyllou, K., Blekas, G., and Boskou, D. Antioxidative properties of water extracts obtained from herbs of the species Lamiaceae. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2001;52(4):313-317. View abstract.

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Wake, G., Court, J., Pickering, A., Lewis, R., Wilkins, R., and Perry, E. CNS acetylcholine receptor activity in European medicinal plants traditionally used to improve failing memory. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;69(2):105-114. View abstract.

Widy-Tyszkiewicz, E and Schminda, R. A randomized double blind study of sedative effects of phytotherapeutic containing valerian, hops, balm and motherwort versus placebo. Herb Polon 1997;2:154-159.

Wolbling RH and Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine 1994;1:25-31.

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Yamasaki, K., Nakano, M., Kawahata, T., Mori, H., Otake, T., Ueba, N., Oishi, I., Inami, R., Yamane, M., Nakamura, M., Murata, H., and Nakanishi, T. Anti-HIV-1 activity of herbs in Labiatae. Biol.Pharm Bull 1998;21(8):829-833. View abstract.

Yoon, M. and Kim, M. Y. The anti-angiogenic herbal composition Ob-X from Morus alba, Melissa officinalis, and Artemisia capillaris regulates obesity in genetically obese ob/ob mice. Pharm.Biol. 2011;49(6):614-619. View abstract.

Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, et al. Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:863-6. View abstract.

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Alijaniha F, et al. Heart palpitation relief with Melissa officinalis leaf extract: double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of efficacy and safety. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;164:378-384. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.007. Epub 2015 Feb 11. View abstract.

Auf'mkolk M, Ingbar JC, Amir SM, et al. Inhibition by certain plant extracts of the binding and adenylate cyclase stimulatory effect of bovine thyrotropin in human thyroid membranes. Endocrinology. 1984 Aug;115:527-34. View abstract.

Ballard CG, O'Brien JT, Reichelt K, Perry EK. Aromatherapy as a safe and effective treatment for the management of agitation in severe dementia: the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Melissa. J Clin Psychiatry 2002 Jul;63:553-8. View abstract.

Bisler H, Pfeifer R, Kluken N, Pauschinger P. [Effects of horse-chestnut seed on transcapillary filtration in chronic venous insufficiency]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1986;111:1321-9. View abstract.

Büchner KH, Hellings H, Huber M, et al. [Double blind study as evidence of the therapeutic effect of Melissengeist on psycho-vegetative syndromes (author's transl)]. Med Klin. 1974 Jun 7;69:1032-6. View abstract.

Burns A, Byrne J, Ballard C, Holmes C. Sensory stimulation in dementia. BMJ 2002;325:1312-3.. View abstract.

Burns A, Perry E, Holmes C, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of Melissa officinalis oil and donepezil for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2011;31:158-64. View abstract.

Cases J. Leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Mediterr J Nutr Metab. 2010;4(3):211-218.

Cerny A, Shmid K. Tolerability and efficacy of valerian/lemon balm in healthy volunteers (a double blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre study). Fitoterapia 1999;70:221-8.

Chakurski I, Matev M, Koichev A, et al. [Treatment of chronic colitis with an herbal combination of Taraxacum officinale, Hipericum perforatum, Melissa officinaliss, Calendula officinalis and Foeniculum vulgare]. Vutr Boles. 1981;20:51-4. View abstract.

Chung MJ, Cho SY, Bhuiyan MJ, et al. Anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm ( Melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose- and lipid-regulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice. Br.J.Nutr. 2010;104:180-188. View abstract.

Dressing H, Kohler S, and Muller WE. Improvement in sleep quality with a high dose valerian-melissa preparation . Psychopharmakotherapie 1996;3:123-130.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182

Herberg, KW. Nebenwirkungen pflanzlicher Beruhigungsmittel/ Leistung und Befinden nach Einnahme einer Baldrian-Hopfen-Kombination. Z.Allg Med 1996;72:234-240.

Holtmann G, Madisch A, Juergen H, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effects of an herbal preparation in patients with functional dyspepsia [Abstract]. Ann Mtg Digestive Disease Week 1999 May.

Kennedy DO, Little W, Haskell CF, et al. Anxiolytic effects of a combination of Melissa officinalis and Valeriana officinalis during laboratory induced stress. Phytother Res. 2006 Feb;20:96-102. View abstract.

Kennedy DO, Little W, Scholey AB. Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm). Psychosom Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;66:607-13. View abstract.

Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, et al. Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm). Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002;72:953-64. View abstract.

Kennedy DO, Wake G, Savelev S, et al. Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of single doses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) with human CNS nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-binding properties. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Oct;28:1871-81. View abstract.

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Lee J, Chae K, Ha J, et al. Regulation of obesity and lipid disorders by herbal extracts from Morus alba, Melissa officinalis, and Artemisia capillaris in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2008;115:263-70. View abstract.

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Schmidt, U, Krieger, W, Frerick, H, and Schenk, N. Psychosomatische und psychische Störungen / Baldrian und Melisse statt synthetischer Psychopharmaka. 1992;14:15-19.

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Soulimani R, Fleurentin J, Mortier F, et al. Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis in the mouse. Planta Med. 1991 Apr;57:105-9. View abstract.

Sourgens H, Winterhoff H, Gumbinger HG, et al. Antihormonal effects of plant extracts. TSH- and prolactin-suppressing properties of Lithospermum officinale and other plants. Planta Med. 1982 Jun;45:78-86. View abstract.

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Vejdani R, Shalmani HR, Mir-Fattahi M, et al. The efficacy of an herbal medicine, Carmint, on the relief of abdominal pain and bloating in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study. Dig Dis Sci. 2006 Aug;51:1501-7. View abstract.

Vogt M, Tausch I, Wölbling RH, and et al. [Melissa extract in herpes simplex: a double-blind placebo-controlled study]. Der Allgemeinarzt 1991;13:832-841.

Weizman Z, Alkrinawi S, Goldfarb D, et al. Efficacy of herbal tea preparation in infantile colic. J Pediatr 1993;122(4):650-652. View abstract.

Widy-Tyszkiewicz, E and Schminda, R. A randomized double blind study of sedative effects of phytotherapeutic containing valerian, hops, balm and motherwort versus placebo. Herb Polon 1997;2:154-159.

Wolbling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine 1994;1:25-31.

Lemon Balm: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions (2024)
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