Gelatin (2024)

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Generic Name

Gelatin

DrugBank Accession Number

DB11242

Background

Gelatin is a multifunctional ingredient that is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and photographic films as a gelling agent, stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier, as well as film former.⁶

As a thermoreversible hydrocolloid with a small gap between its melting and gelling temperatures, gelatin provides unique advantages over carbohydrate-based gelling agents. Gelatin is mainly produced from porcine skin, and cattle hides and bones.⁶

Some alternative raw substances have recently garnered attention from both researchers and the industry not only because they overcome religious concerns shared by both Jews and Muslims but also because they may provide scientific advantages over gelatins from mammal origins.²¹

Fish skins from a number of fish species a type of substance that has been comprehensively studied as a source for gelatin production. Fish skins have a significant potential for the production of high-quality gelatin with different melting and gelling temperatures over a much larger range than mammalian gelatins but have a sufficiently high level of gel strength and viscosity.⁶

Interestingly, horse gelatin has been studied and it was found that in the horse, gelatin influences the homeostasis of the amino acids required for cartilage synthesis ⁸. An increasing number of novel applications have been found for collagen and gelatin.²

Gelatin is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA to be a non-hazardous food or food ingredient.¹² The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of all intravenous drug products containing gelatin. Gelatin continues to be approved for other routes of administration.²⁴

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Vet approved, Withdrawn

Synonyms

• Gelatin, unspecified
• Gelatina
• Gelatine

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Gelatin vs Hydrolyzed Gelatin: What's the Difference? | Custom Collagen

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Pharmacology

Indication

Gelatin is used for weight loss and for treating osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and brittle bones (osteoporosis). Some people also use it for strengthening bones, joints, and fingernails. Gelatin is also used for improving hair condition and to shorten the recovery after exercise and sports-related injury ¹⁵. Gelatin is used in preparations of foods, cosmetics, and medicine ¹⁵.

Plasma volume expander in hypovolaemic shock ¹⁶. Haemostatic ¹⁶.

Gelatin-based hydrogels are being used in drug delivery and tissue engineering because they are able to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. In addition, these hydrogels can be used as wound dressings because of their attractive fluid absorbance properties. Manufacturing technologies such as ultraviolet stereolithography and two-photon polymerization can be used to prepare structures containing photosensitive gelatin-based hydrogels ¹³.

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Associated Conditions

Indication Type	Indication	Combined Product Details	Approval Level	Age Group	Patient Characteristics	Dose Form
Treatment of	Hypovolaemia		••••••••••••

Associated Therapies

• Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution
• Plasma Volume Replacement

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Gelatin contains collagen, which is one of the materials that make up cartilage and bone ¹⁵.

In addition to their well-established value as a nutritional protein source, collagen and collagen-derived products may exhibit various potential biological activities on cells and the extracellular matrix through the corresponding food-derived peptides post-ingestion. This could justify their applications in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical agents ².

Gelatin is a protein that is used as a hemostatic in surgical procedures. It is also used as a plasma volume expander in hypovolemic shock. Gelatin rods structures may also be used to temporarily block tear outflow in cases of dry eye ¹⁶.

Mechanism of action

It works as a hemostatic by providing a physical framework within which clotting may occur ¹⁶.

As a volume expander, gelatin remains in the vascular space. When used in the treatment of hypovolaemia gelatin can produce a significant increase in blood volume, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood pressure, urinary output and oxygen delivery, increasing volume and pressure ¹⁸.

For intravascular volume expansion, the majority or gelatins produce an effect which is almost equivalent to of which are mild, although severe reactions albumin, with a duration of action of 3 to 4 hours to have been reported ¹⁹.

Gelatin or collagen chains suspended in solution can be covalently cross-linked to form matrices that are able to swell in the presence of aqueous solutions, forming what are called gelatin hydrogels. Hydrogels, characterized by their hydrophilicity and insolubility in water, have the capability of swelling into an equilibrium volume while maintaining their shape. The chemical cross-linkers used may be either small bifunctional molecules or polyfunctional macromolecules, for example, glutaraldehyde ²².

Absorption

The bioavailability of gelatin was indirectly studied by the determining the bioavailability of total hydroxyproline in gelatin using a pharmaco*kinetic method after oral ingestion in rats.

The relative and absolute bioavailability of gelatin were 74.12% and 85.97%, respectively. The amino acid profile of plasma showed that 41.91% of the digested gelatin was absorbed from the intestine in the peptide form, and there was a linear correlation between the absorbed amount of an amino acid and its content in gelatin (R(2) = 0.9566). Furthermore, 17 types of collagen peptide were purified by multi-step chromatography and identified with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry ⁹.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Half-life is about 4 hr ¹⁶.

Clearance

A large percentage of the administered dose is removed by the kidneys within 24h of ingestion ¹⁶.

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

LD50 Rat >3750 mg/kg ²³.

Gelatin solutions have shown to increase the risk of anaphylaxis and may be harmful by increasing mortality, renal failure, and bleeding likely due to extravascular uptake and impairment of coagulation. ⁴.

Gelatin can cause an unpleasant taste, a sensation of abdominal heaviness, bloating, heartburn, as well as belching ¹⁵.

Using gelatin as a plasma expander appears to have no significant advantages over crystalloids or isotonic albumin on mortality and may have a slightly higher risk of requiring allogeneic blood transfusion in perioperative and critically ill patients.

A meta-analysis found that using gelatin as a volume expander in vivo has no significant advantages over currently used volume expanders such as isotonic albumin or crystalloids and may slightly increase the risk of requiring a blood transfusion ²⁰.

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Not Available

Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

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Brand Name Prescription Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Sulfur Colloid	Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	4.5 mg/1	Intravenous	Anazao Health Corporation	2012-07-01	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Cleanse Gut And Colon	Gelatin (19 mg/95g) + Fish oil (19 g/95g) + Glycerin (19 g/95g) + Sorbitol (9.5 g/95g)	Capsule	Oral	Shantou Youjia E-Commerce Co., Ltd.	2024-02-01	2024-12-31
Gelofusin - Infusionslösung	Gelatin (40 g) + Sodium chloride (7.01 g)	Solution	Parenteral	B. Braun Melsungen Ag	1989-01-01	Not applicable
Gelofusin Iso 40 mg/ml Infusionslösung	Gelatin (40 g) + Calcium chloride dihydrate (0.15 g) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.2 g) + Potassium chloride (0.3 g) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (3.27 g) + Sodium chloride (5.55 g)	Solution	Parenteral	B. Braun Melsungen Ag	2011-12-06	Not applicable
GELOFUSINE ENFÜZYON, 500 ML SETLİ	Gelatin (20 g) + Sodium chloride (3.505 g)	Injection	Intravenous	B.BRAUN MEDİKAL DIŞ TİC. A.Ş.	1996-08-27	Not applicable
GELOFUSINE ENFÜZYON, 500 ML SETSİZ	Gelatin (20 g) + Sodium chloride (3.505 g)	Injection	Intravenous	B.BRAUN MEDİKAL DIŞ TİC. A.Ş.	1996-08-27	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
SOLNARA Everything Blood circulation Nattokinase(Control blood pressure and Improve blood circulation)	Gelatin (42 g/100g) + DL-alpha-Tocopherol (0.1 g/100g) + Glycerin (20 g/100g) + Soybean oil (47 g/100g) + Titanium dioxide (0.13 g/100g) + Water (38 g/100g)	Powder	Oral	SOLNARA Co., Ltd.	2022-02-10	2023-02-11
SOLNARA Everything Blood circulation Nattokinase(Control blood pressure and Improve blood circulation)	Gelatin (42 g/100g) + DL-alpha-Tocopherol (0.1 g/100g) + Glycerin (20 g/100g) + Soybean oil (47 g/100g) + Titanium dioxide (0.13 g/100g) + Water (38 g/100g)	Powder	Oral	SOLNARA Co., Ltd.	2022-02-10	2023-02-11
Sulfur Colloid	Gelatin (4.5 mg/1)	Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intravenous	Anazao Health Corporation	2012-07-01	Not applicable

Categories

ATC Codes

B05AA06 — Gelatin agents

• B05AA — Blood substitutes and plasma protein fractions
• B05A — BLOOD AND RELATED PRODUCTS
• B05 — BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND PERFUSION SOLUTIONS
• B — BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS

Drug Categories

• Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
• Blood and Blood Forming Organs
• Blood and Related Products
• Blood Substitutes and Perfusion Solutions
• Blood Substitutes and Plasma Protein Fractions
• Proteins
• Scleroproteins

Classification

Not classified

Affected organisms

• Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

2G86QN327L

CAS number

9000-70-8

References

General References

1. EASTOE JE: The amino acid composition of mammalian collagen and gelatin. Biochem J. 1955 Dec;61(4):589-600. [Article]
2. Liu D, Nikoo M, Boran G, Zhou P, Regenstein JM: Collagen and gelatin. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2015;6:527-57. doi: 10.1146/annurev-food-031414-111800. Epub 2015 Mar 23. [Article]
3. Djagny VB, Wang Z, Xu S: Gelatin: a valuable protein for food and pharmaceutical industries: review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2001 Sep;41(6):481-92. doi: 10.1080/20014091091904. [Article]
4. Moeller C, Fleischmann C, Thomas-Rueddel D, Vlasakov V, Rochwerg B, Theurer P, Gattinoni L, Reinhart K, Hartog CS: How safe is gelatin? A systematic review and meta-analysis of gelatin-containing plasma expanders vs crystalloids and albumin. J Crit Care. 2016 Oct;35:75-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.04.011. Epub 2016 Apr 23. [Article]
5. Koyama Y, Hirota A, Mori H, Takahara H, Kuwaba K, Kusubata M, Matsubara Y, Kasugai S, Itoh M, Irie S: Ingestion of gelatin has differential effect on bone mineral density and body weight in protein undernutrition. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2001 Feb;47(1):84-6. [Article]
6. Boran G, Regenstein JM: Fish gelatin. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2010;60:119-43. doi: 10.1016/S1043-4526(10)60005-8. [Article]
7. Ng HP, Koh KF, Tham LS: Vancomycin causes dangerous precipitation when infused with gelatin fluid. Anaesthesia. 2000 Oct;55(10):1039-40. [Article]
8. Coenen M, Appelt K, Niemeyer A, Vervuert I: Study of gelatin supplemented diet on amino acid homeostasis in the horse. Equine Vet J Suppl. 2006 Aug;(36):606-10. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05612.x. [Article]
9. Wang L, Wang Q, Liang Q, He Y, Wang Z, He S, Xu J, Ma H: Determination of bioavailability and identification of collagen peptide in blood after oral ingestion of gelatin. J Sci Food Agric. 2015 Oct;95(13):2712-7. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.7008. Epub 2014 Dec 24. [Article]
10. FDA GRAS Substances: Gelatin [Link]
11. GELATIN—ITS USEFULNESS AND TOXICITY [Link]
12. Federal code of regulations, Gelatin [Link]
13. Gelatin-based hydrogels for biomedical applications [Link]
14. Daily consumption of the collagen supplement Pure Gold Collagen® reduces visible signs of aging [Link]
15. Gelatin Supplements, Medline plus [Link]
16. MIMS, gelatin [Link]
17. Volume expander [Link]
18. Plasma Expanders in Practice [Link]
19. Intravenous volume replacement: which fluid and why? [Link]
20. Benefits and risks of using gelatin solution as a plasma expander for perioperative and critically ill patients: A meta-analysis [Link]
21. Religious constraints on prescribing medication [Link]
22. FUNCTIONAL AND BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES OF COLLAGEN AND GELATIN FROM ALTERNATIVE SOURCES: A REVIEW [Link]
23. Gelatin, Lab Grade [Link]
24. Code of Federal Regulations 216.24: Drug products withdrawn or removed from the market for reasons of safety or effectiveness. [Link]

External Links

PubChem Substance

347911163

RxNav

4716

Wikipedia

Gelatin

MSDS

Download (47.4 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Breast Cancer	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Cesarean Sections / Rectus Sheath Hematoma	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Osteoarthritis of the Knee	1
4	Completed	Prevention	Varicella Zoster Virus Infection / Zoster	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Multiple Sclerosis	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Capsule	Oral
Injection, solution	Intravenous	40 mg/ml
Solution	Parenteral	4.000 g
Solution	Intravenous	4.000 g
Injection	Intravenous
Solution	Intravenous
Solution	Parenteral
Injection	Intravenous
Solution	Intravenous	500 ml
Paste	Oral; Topical
Powder	Oral
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution	Intravenous	4.5 mg/1

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Not Available

Predicted Properties

Not Available

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Not Available

Chromatographic Properties

Collision Cross Sections (CCS)

Not Available

Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at November 18, 2022 07:07